martes, 5 de febrero de 2008

TEORÍA DE LA MULETA/ Gregorio Corrochano



Gregorio Corrochano

ABC. Madrid, 10 de julio de 1954

El toreo de muleta no es una sucesión de pases sin ninguna relación entre sí. Una faena no se compone de pases sueltos, más o menos numerosos y más o menos artísticos. Esto no tendría ninguna eficacia, y el toreo no es toreo en tanto no se le relacione con el toro. El toro es el que da la medida de la faena: clase y número de pases, distancia a que debe colocarse el torero, mano que ha de emplear preferentemente. La distancia de la muleta al toro es lo primero que se debe medir. Si el toro es bravo y conserva poder, se arrancará antes que el manso y el agotado. Decimos manso por diferenciar. El manso absoluto no existe en el toro de lidia. Hay una escala de bravura que va del toro codicioso, rápido, pronto en acometer, pegajoso, lo que llamamos nosotros bravura agresiva, con muchos pies (ligereza), al toro pastueño, tardo, falto de codicia, lo que nosotros llamamos bravura pasiva. En esta escala intervienen la resistencia y el poder del toro. Esto debe tenerlo en cuenta el matador al hincar la faena, para saber hasta dónde tiene que llegar con la muleta, que en el curso de la faena irá acoplando, según vaya el toro. El público suele fijarse en si el toro abre o no abre la boca. No es mal síntoma porque es indicio de fatiga o resistencia, si el toro se ha “roto” en la lidia o no ha gastado facultades y conserva el poder. Cuanto más bravo es el toro más “se rompe”, porque pone más esfuerzo en embestir y embiste más veces. Por esto no me gustan nada los recortes de salida, a ver si dobla, que son innecesarios, como ya veremos, porque el que más daño hacen es al toro bravo; el Reglamento los prohíbe.

El terreno que debe pisar el torero, la distancia a que debe situarse, depende de todos estos factores. Toro que deja acercarse sin embestir, sin arrancarse, o tiene poca bravura o tiene poco poder. Al torero le toca medirlo. Más que del valor del torero, depende del estado del toro. Para mí, cuando un torero pisa un terreno inverosímil, sin desconocerle valor. Ante el toro agotado que mató el picador-, le reconozco principalmente conocimiento del estado del toro, y en mi concepto sale ganando, pues yo doy mucha importancia al conocimiento de la res, que tengo por fundamental en tauromaquia. Una vez decidido el terreno en que debe colocarse el torero, la distancia a que pasa el toro del torero en el centro de la suerte, tiene mucha importancia emocional, más que la distancia a que el toro le dejó llegar, que no depende del torero sino del toro. Esta distancia no sólo mide valor, sino calidades del pase. Indica que se tuvo serenidad para ver llegar al toro, que no se torea con el pico de la muleta, sino bien centrado, y se domina mejor que cuando se torea despegado. No exageramos la distancia por las mancas de sangre del vestido de torear, que si se hace bien el torero, si hay temple y pasa todo el toro mandado en pase largo, hasta donde debe volverse la muleta y rematar, no hay sangre en el traje. La mancha se produce si no hay temple, si se codillea, si no va el toro toreado. Todas esas taleguillas sucias de sangre del costillar del toro revelan una muleta de poco mando y dominio, que el toro toma como quiere, pasa sin que le obliguen, unas veces despegado, otras ceñid, cuando no es ardid, restregón a cabeza pasada, para impresionar a aficionados novatos y a mujeres con ramos de flores folklóricos. Cuando se torea bien, todo es limpio y si hay sangre en el traje, no es del toro, es del torero.

Es muy importante considerar el terreno que pisa el torero. Hay toreros que necesitan que el toro les venga; otros prefieren el toro que les permite colocarse más cerca, que les deje llegar, hasta donde les es más fácil torear, donde están más a gusto con el toro. Así vemos que, en el primer caso, si el toro se arranca a la distancia a que acostumbra a torear el torero, no se torea bien; en el segundo caso, si el toro no le deja llegar, no le deja acercarse a pisar el terreno que acostumbra pisar, tampoco torea bien. Sin desconocer, por tanto, esta modalidad de cada torero, hay que poner un límite de distancia. Ni tan largo que el toro le cuete trabajo ir o no vaya, en porfía inútil, ni tan cerca que no haya espacio para desarrollar el pase completo y quedar preparado para el siguiente, con lo que se ahoga el toro. Cada toro tiene su sitio, según su bravura, su poder y hasta sus querencias. Por eso es muy difícil torear. Por eso hay muy pocos toreros que toreen bien.

Hay una tendencia a romper las faenas, cortarlas y separarlas del toro. Si es para cambiar de mano o cambiar de terreno, está justificado. Si es para luego volver al mismo sitio y continuar lo interrumpido, tiene riesgo, en algunos toros, de tener que volver a empezar; nunca se debe olvidar que la faena, además de su interés artístico, tiene una finalidad técnica, finalidad a la que hay que atender para no malograr lo artístico; porque no se está toreando de salón aunque algunas veces lo parezca. Esto es, hay que ligar las faenas hasta conseguir igualar al toro en el sitio donde el toro tenga la muerte. Dar tres pases y un paseo; otros pases y otro paseo, es pasear más que torear. Es sacar la faena a retazos, y es recoger a regazos los aplausos, que, a veces, no quedan ya para el final porque se han gastado los retazos, y el hombre se va a la barrera como si no hubiera hecho nada. No desconocemos que estos retazos tienen su público, como lo tienen las liquidaciones y los saldos, donde no se busca la calidad.

La faena más perfecta es aquella en que el toro cae herido en el mismo sitio donde se le dio el primer pase.

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